Common components of motor control loop
Button â–¼
The buttons are divided into a start button, a stop button, and a mechanical interlock button. The first two have a total of 4 posts, the latter has 6 posts.
The start button is mostly green, and the internal is normally disconnected. After the button is pressed, the inside is closed, and then released and then disconnected;
The stop button is mostly red, and the interior is normally closed. After the button is pressed, the interior is disconnected, and then released and closed.
The mechanical interlock button can be regarded as a double-throw switch with a total of 6 binding posts. Usually the left terminal is connected. After pressing, the right terminal is connected. After the release, the left terminal is connected. As a start button or stop button.
The button is generally indicated by SB. If there are multiple buttons at the same time, the number will be added after the SB, such as SB1, SB2.
Contactor / Relay â–¼
The picture above is a contactor, the relay is small compared to it, but the principle is the same. There are a total of 12 binding posts in two rows (2 binding posts, one in and one out). In the top row of terminals, there are 2 sets of normally closed contacts, and 1 set of coil contacts, and the lower row has 3 sets of normally open contacts.
Working characteristics: When the coil is not energized, the normally closed contact is closed and the normally open contact is opened; after the coil is energized, the normally closed contact is opened and the normally open contact is closed.
Contactors, regardless of which contact or coil, are indicated by KM. If there are multiple contactors, add numbers after KM, such as KM1, KM2. All contacts and coils of the same contactor are marked with a set of labels, such as the normally open contact of the contactor KM1, the normally closed contact and the coil. The marks in the circuit diagram are all KM1.
Jog and linkage
Jog: The motor starts when the button is pressed, and the motor stops when released.
Linkage: When the button is pressed, the motor starts, and after the release, the motor continues to run.
Circuit â–¼
In the above figure, the left side is the main loop, and the right side a, b, and c are three different control loops.
In Figure a, the button SB is pressed and the motor is started. After the release, the motor stops. It is a typical jog control.
In Figure b, when the circuit breaker SA is disconnected, the button SB2 is pressed, the contactor coil KM is energized, the normally open contact KM is closed, but there is a circuit breaker under the normally open contact KM to disconnect it, so although the motor is now Start, but it will stop after being released. After the circuit breaker SA is closed, the button SB2 is pressed, and the contactor coil KM is energized. At this time, the normally open contact KM is closed, so that after the SB2 is released, the motor can still operate normally. At this point the motor is interlocked. Therefore, this diagram can manually control the jog or interlock state.
In Figure c, there is no circuit breaker, instead a mechanical interlock switch SB3. When the button SB2 is pressed, the contactor coil is energized, the normally open contact KM is closed, the motor is started, and after the release, since the normally open contact is still closed, the motor operates normally. When button SB3 is pressed, the button normally closed contact SB3 under the normally open contact of the contactor is opened, and the normally open contact of the button SB3 is closed, the motor is started, and the motor is stopped after being released (the contactor normally open contact is not at this time) Access circuit). Therefore, this circuit can directly press SB3 when the motor is linked, and it becomes jog.
When the motor is interlocked, after the start button is released, the normally open contact KM is closed due to the energization of the contactor coil, and the motor can be continuously operated. This concept is called “self-lockingâ€.
Motor jog and linkage is just a concept, no one wants his own motor to jog. Here we only need to know how to keep the motor running continuously.
Remote control of the motor
This article takes two places to control the motor as an example. Multiple control of the motor is generally divided into remote control and local control. That is, the start button is placed in a different button box, and then the button box is installed at a place to be controlled.
Circuit â–¼
With the knowledge of jog and linkage, the role of the contactor KM in this figure need not be said. In the figure, SB11 and SB21 are stop buttons, and SB12 and SB22 are start buttons. One of the start button and the stop button is installed in the same button box, and the other two are also installed in another button box. Two button boxes can be placed next to the control room and the motor.
Physical connection diagram â–¼
When controlling the motor in different places, you only need to pay attention to the fact that the stop buttons are all connected in series, and the start buttons are all connected in parallel.
Motor sequence starts
The two motors M1, M2 are sequentially activated as an example. M2 is required to start after M1 is started, and M1 can be started separately.
Circuit â–¼
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