Summary: How the brain stores memory for a long time has always been an eternal mystery to neuroscientists.
How the brain stores memory for a long time has always been an eternal mystery of neuroscientists. In a new study, researchers from the Center for Integrated Neuroplasticity Research (CINPLA) at the University of Oslo, Norway, found that long-term extracellular matrix molecules in neuronal networks are essential for long-term memory. New research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that removing these networks can disrupt memories from a long time ago, but it does not affect recent memories.
In the past, researchers focused on molecules in nerve cells. The research team led by Dr. Marianne Fyhn and Dr. Torkel Hafting studied neural networks that are close to the outside of the neuron. These networks consist of proteins covered by sugar, forming a rigid structure with pores attached to other neurons. 
When new memories are formed, the connections between neurons change. The researchers speculate that the neural network may stabilize new memory-related connections to support long-term memory. To test memory function, the research team conducted a classic conditional experiment that allowed mice to learn to connect flash and unpleasant experiences. This learning can form a solid long-term memory.
a surprisingly strong effect
After completion of the study, the mice were divided into two groups, one group of neuronal networks remained intact, and the other group of brain secondary visual cortex peripheral neuronal networks were removed, and the secondary visual cortex was associated with memory storage. A month later, these mice were asked to remember these memories, and the results were surprising. No mice with a network of peripheral neurons remembered anything. This experiment shows that a neural network is necessary for long-term memory, because without it, memory is lost.
Researcher Elise H. Thompson said: "The results of these experiments surprised us because we only operated on molecules outside the neurons without affecting the molecules inside the neurons."
Thompson added: "Although we expect this kind of intervention to have some impact, past research on this kind of network has focused on its impact on development and learning, not memory storage. It is very surprising that small The mouse's memory has completely disappeared."
In the next experiment, the researchers tested the mice after a few days of learning. The team found that the mice's memory was not compromised and that only a long time ago the memory disappeared. Dr. Kristian K. Lensjø, the first author of the study, said: "Because the network is a very stable structure, it can stabilize memory with age, but if the memory is new, it will not be stabilized. The impact of factors."
Potential for new drug targets
Although scientists have been very clear about the process of converting short-term memory into long-term memory in recent years, the reason why memory lasts for several years still has not found an answer. This research is a very important step in understanding what factors are needed to store memory for a lifetime.
Marianne Fyhn, head of CINPLA, said: "If we can understand how memories in healthy brains are treated in months or even years, we can further explore where errors occur when diseases such as Alzheimer's and dementia occur. The study found that extracellular molecules are involved in long-term storage of memory, indicating potential new drug targets."
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