With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the rapid development of the automobile industry, the contradiction between supply and demand of international crude oil has gradually deepened, and global warming has become increasingly evident. Under this background, new energy vehicle technologies with energy conservation and emission reduction as important targets have continuously made breakthroughs, and gradually formed with energy and electromechanical new technologies as the support, and a variety of new energy sources as the driving force, covering new energy vehicles and supporting components. In the fields of dedicated energy storage materials and related services, emerging industries with huge market potential are showing rapid breakthroughs and competing developments.
From a global perspective, auto powers continue to promote the development and application of new energy vehicles, and market leadership is basically established. The major powers such as the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain and France have formed a certain accumulation in key technologies such as batteries, motors, and electronic controls, as well as vehicle design and testing. They have also successively provided technical support, infrastructure (such as fuel filling stations, battery charging stations, etc.). A regional marketization experiment was conducted. At present, most of the fuel cell vehicles, pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles in the world are concentrated in developed countries.
At present, energy-saving automobile technologies such as hybrids are relatively mature and are getting closer to the needs of consumers. For example, the Toyota Prius Hybrid Edition has sold more than 4 million vehicles worldwide, ranking first in energy-saving and new-energy vehicle sales. In 2012, Toyota’s Toyota Camry hybrid version sold for only 35,000 yuan more than the gasoline version, but Its fuel consumption is only 5.3L/100km. Under the background of oil price of 7 yuan/liter, it is expected to recover the extra cost of car purchase in 3-4 years.
There are also many hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. The companies that have entered the directory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology include: Shanghai GM, Chongqing Changan, Jiangling Holdings, SAIC, Brilliance Auto, GAC Toyota, Dongfeng Motor, Chery, and BYD. In terms of hybrid buses, almost all domestic automakers have reserves. According to the market promotion situation and the technical strength of the whole vehicle, the enterprises that mix the bus will give priority to development. In addition, passenger car companies with mixed model reserves will also take the lead.
(2) Infrastructure such as charging and replacement stations will usher in construction tideAccording to the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Market Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" released by the Prospective Industry Research Institute, by 2020, the number of electric vehicles in the country will exceed 5 million, and the charging facility network will meet the inter-city and regional pure electric. Car operation needs to achieve large-scale commercial operations.
In October 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission and other ministries and commissions in the "Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development Guide (2015-2020)" required that the construction of new residential parking spaces should be 100% to build charging infrastructure or reserve construction and installation conditions, large public The proportion of parking spaces for building construction parking lots, social public parking lots, charging infrastructure or reserved construction and installation conditions shall not be less than 10%, and at least one public charging station shall be built for every 2,000 electric vehicles.
(3) Pure electric vehicles are the ultimate goal of the development of new energy sources for automobilesPure electric vehicles are a new energy vehicle that has been completely innovated from the new energy form. It has outstanding advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and maintenance. Although there are various restrictions on mileage and charging time in Shanghai, the bottleneck of battery technology will not It has always existed, and once the battery bottleneck is broken, its future cannot be limited. In short, pure electric vehicles are a true new energy vehicle, and the owners have broad application prospects. However, as far as the current technical level is concerned, there is still a great problem in the wide-scale application and promotion of pure electric vehicles. It is unrealistic to hope that pure electric vehicles can solve the problem of new energy vehicles in a short time, but because of its energy conservation. With unparalleled advantages, pure electric vehicles will always be the ultimate goal of new energy vehicles.
(4) Fuel cell vehicles are an important supplement to the long-term development of new energy vehicle technologies in the future.Electric vehicles with fuel cells as power sources are called fuel cell vehicles. Currently, European countries have made great breakthroughs in the field of dye battery vehicles. The fuel cell vehicles they developed have broken the limitations of traditional electric vehicles with short mileage and long charging time. . However, from a technical point of view, fuel cell vehicles have strong energy-saving performance and performance, but in the application of the century, fuel cell production and storage have problems, and the fuel cell as a direct power source, the car's power and handling are There is a problem. It is undeniable that fuel cell technology has certain development prospects. In the future, fuel cell vehicles are most likely to be used for long-distance transportation, which will become an important supplement to the development of new energy vehicle technology.
Forecast of the development prospects of the new energy automobile industryOn April 25, 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued the Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry (hereinafter referred to as the “Planningâ€), aiming at implementing the strategic deployment of building a strong manufacturing country and promoting the construction of a car-powered country. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the core of the "Planning" is to make China's brand cars bigger and stronger, and to cultivate internationally competitive enterprise groups.
At the same time, the "Plan" proposes that by 2020, the annual production and sales of domestic new energy vehicles will reach 2 million. Data show that in 2016, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China was 507,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 53%. Although it has grown rapidly, it has not yet achieved the original sales target of 700,000 units. Based on last year's sales of 507,000 vehicles, it will grow at a rate of 50% per year in the next four years, and sales will reach 2.57 million by 2020.
However, as subsidies recede, it is not a small pressure to achieve annual production and sales of 2 million units. According to the analysis of the “New Energy Vehicle Industry Market Prospect and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report†issued by Prospective Industry Research Institute, the growth rate of China's new energy vehicles will slow down in the next five years. It is expected that by 2022, China's new energy vehicle sales are expected to be expected. More than 3 million vehicles.
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