Generally speaking, tunnel lighting is all about tunnel lighting, and of course there are pedestrians, non-motorized roads.....but these are not the tunnel lighting we usually say. We usually say roads, road tunnels. illumination.
As part of the road, whether it is day or night, no matter what the weather, we should give the driver a comfortable and safe driving environment, so that the driver can clearly understand the road conditions, such as obstacles in front, cars, people When the situation is equal, the driver should be able to see it clearly.
Especially during the day, the outside is very bright, the inside of the tunnel is very dark, and when the car is driven from the outside into the tunnel, the situation of the relatively dark tunnel entrance can be found in time.
First of all, how to achieve several functions for good tunnel lighting?
Improve traffic safety and reduce traffic accident rates;
Improve traffic guidance and improve road utilization efficiency;
reduce crime rates;
Improve environmental comfort;
Provides visual adjustment when changing between light and dark environments.
The tunnel of a general road will be divided into five sections, and then we will explain it in stages.
Approaching segment
The approach segment refers to the section of your car that is coming from a distance to the tunnel entrance.
The driver here must be able to see the objects in the tunnel, not a black hole, which is also a very important stage of visual adjustment.
Especially during the day, due to the strong contrast between the high brightness of the environment and the low brightness of the tunnel, and due to the visual persistence of the driver's eyes on the bright environment, an under-illuminated tunnel opening can cause a “black hole effectâ€, which is invisible. Any details in the cave, so the visual problem of the car approaching the section should be solved at the entrance.
Black hole effect: the entrance of the tunnel or the tunnel, the illumination is too low, and there is not enough adaptation time, so that the tunnel seen by the driver when approaching the tunnel under high brightness outdoors is like a "black hole".
Entrance section
The entrance section is the first section of the four sections in the tunnel. The driver driving in the approaching section enters the tunnel, ensuring that the driver can see the road surface condition of the entrance section. When you walk in from the outside, don't feel scared, so the lights at the tunnel should be very bright, but how bright should it be?
Is the entire tunnel always lit?
Can't say bad, but it's wasteful. When the human eye gradually adapts to the darker environment, the lights can be properly dimmed, and there is a transition.
Transition
The transition section passes through both the entrance section where the illumination level is relatively high, and the illumination in the tunnel can be gradually reduced to a very low level, and the descending area is the transition section.
The brightness of the transition zone should be gradually reduced, and the degree of decline, that is, the difference between the pre-stage and the post-stage should not be greater than 3:1. The brightness at the end of the transition zone (near the middle section) in the above figure should be equal to 3 times the brightness level of the middle zone. Since the curve in the above figure is based on the visual uncomfortable feeling, it is not very accurate. The actual situation and the curve are somewhat acceptable, but the illumination level should not be lower than the recommended value in the curve.
The average brightness of the wall below 2m in the transition zone should also be less than the average road surface brightness of the zone, for the same reason.
Middle section
The middle section is the longest part of the tunnel. Since the eye is in the entrance section, the transition section has been adapted to the darker environment, so the brightness of the middle section can be relatively low, and the low level is like the road lighting at night, so that it can be safely driven. .
As shown in the middle section of the luminaire, the distance is relatively long, and the entire road ensures the basic nighttime illumination brightness.
It is equivalent to the entrance section and the transition section. It takes a certain period of time to change our eyes from daytime to night. If we change immediately, our eyes will be blinded, which is very dangerous. After gradually descending, the middle section can maintain such a nighttime environment and maintain normal driving.
Exit segment
The exit zone is a section of the road that meets the exit in the tunnel, which is quite different from the location of the entrance zone. The driver is in the visual adaptation stage in the exit zone, and the adaptation speed is faster, but the brightness of the exit section is also increased to avoid the possibility that the driver cannot find the car in front of the big truck shadow in time.
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