1, wireless charging in the end what is the situation, how to achieve wireless charging? 
Wireless charging is how it works, as its name suggests is not charging charging line. Similar to WiFi, it is very convenient. In theory, power can be supplied to mobile phones and other electronic devices anytime and anywhere.
However, wireless charging is still not able to transmit as far away as WiFi, and now mature solutions can only achieve wireless charging within a distance of 10mm, generally a distance of about 3~5mm is better, such wireless charging technology is used Magnetic induction wireless charging technology.
With the maturity of technology, it is expected that in the next 2 to 3 years, the charging distance of wireless charging can reach about 10~30cm, and it can basically meet the charge requirements that are free from restrictions at any time and anywhere.
To achieve wireless charging requires a transmitter and a receiver.
The transmitter is a wireless charger and the receiver is a mobile phone. There is a coil at the transmitter and a coil at the receiver. The transmitting end transmits energy through the control board and the coil, and the receiving end receives energy through the control board and the coil, so that wireless charging can be realized.
As shown in the following figure, Nokia's mobile phone wireless charging situation, the phone on the wireless charger can start charging, no need to connect through the USB port to charge.
As long as there is a wireless charger and mobile phone with wireless charging can be charged. The wireless charger can work normally by connecting it to an ordinary charger or Laptop via the Micro USB, and charging the mobile phone with wireless charging can start charging. As shown in the figure below, the wireless charger can be charged through USB connection.
2. Why do I need wireless charging?
The wireless charging first has a few big advantages over the traditional wired charging. You have to choose its advantages:
1, no winding, simple and beautiful, looks comfortable, higher quality of life;
2, do not often plug, put it that charge, convenient and quick, so that your mobile phone will never lack of electricity;
3, do not have to worry about Samsung and Apple connector incompatibility, support Qi and other standard wireless charger can be charged;
4. There is no risk of electrocution of the incoming and outgoing calls, completely avoiding security problems, and can answer the phone at any time;
5, let the battery work longer life, due to the immediate release, so that the battery does not lack of electricity, the battery life is longer;
6, do not need wired interface, many products can be made fully enclosed waterproof products.
3. What is the principle and what technology?
The principle of mobile phone wireless charging in the general sense is the process of converting electric energy into magnetic field, magnetic field through air, and magnetic field into electric energy. The principle of wireless charging is similar to the transformer in the popular sense. The transformer magnetic field coupling loop is a magnetic conductor. The wireless charging magnetic field coupling loop is air, and the magnetic medium is different.
There are generally four major technologies for wireless charging in the industry: magnetic induction technology, magnetic resonance technology, microwave technology and electric field coupling technology. The two major technologies, magnetic induction technology and magnetic resonance technology are the main exposures. The mass production products are now magnetic induction products.
Among the mainstream technologies are magnetic induction technology and magnetic resonance technology. Review basic physics, electric and magnetic fields together.
Magnetic induction wireless charging technology
When the transmitting coil passes an alternating electric signal, the alternating electric field will generate a changing magnetic field through the transmitting coil, and the changing magnetic field will effect the magnetic coupling of the coil around it. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field will generate electric field.
Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil will pass through the receiver coil, and the receiver coil will generate an electric field. If the receiver coil is terminated with a load, a current will be generated.
Magnetic resonance wireless charging technology
It is a special case of magnetic induction technology. It is similar to the resonance of our sound. When the system's oscillation frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the system, resonance occurs. When resonance occurs, the energy intensity of the system reaches its maximum point.
Magnetic resonance wireless charging technology is that when the resonant frequency of the receiving coil coincides with the resonant frequency of the transmitting coil, magnetic resonance occurs, and energy is transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end.
4, how much wireless charging efficiency can be achieved, how fast charging, there is no radiation?
Here to clarify the efficiency, charging speed and whether there is radiation, many people have questions and concerns.
Charging efficiency?
Charging efficiency generally refers to the overall efficiency of the receiving end and the transmitting end, but does not include the efficiency of the adapter (5V adapter efficiency is generally around 90%).
The efficiency of wireless charging at this stage is generally about 70% (mostly 65% ​​to 75%), depending on the design of the charger and transmitter, there will be some differences. If the transmitter and the receiver are separated, the efficiency of the transmitter is generally about 80%, the receiver efficiency is about 90%, and the entire efficiency is about 70%. The efficiency here generally refers to the efficiency at which a current of about 500 mA is provided, and in this case also the case of maximum efficiency.
In fact, the efficiency of wireless charging is related to many factors, except that it is mainly related to the wireless charger and the receiving end, there are also some relations with the quality of the adapter, and the load situation has some relations.
Charging speed?
In fact, charging is not directly related to wireless chargers and wired chargers. Wireless chargers can also be charged fast, and wired chargers are also slow. The charging speed is determined by the size of the charging current when the constant current charging is provided, and is generally determined by the specifications of the wireless charger. Some wireless chargers provide a large current, and some wireless chargers provide a small current.
Within a certain range, wireless and wired are similar, but because there is a certain efficiency loss in wireless, the current is too large to consider the problem of temperature rise, and the charging current of a mobile wireless charger is generally less than 1A.
The wireless charger generally provides an output current range of 300mA~1000mA, and the maximum output is generally within 800mA. If 600mA charging current is provided, the corresponding output power is about 3W. According to 70% efficiency, the input power of the wireless charger is about 4.3W, which is what we usually say within 5W. The adapter generally has to be more than 5W, corresponding to 5V/1A.
How big is the radiation?
The size of radiation, we have not yet had a quantitative indicator, follow-up will also find a professional structure test to compare a data analysis to everyone.
Just give everyone a general idea that there must be some radiation, but the radiation is not great and there is no need to worry about it.
Mainly for several reasons: First, the mobile phone charging power is only about 5W, which belongs to low power; Second, the distance is short, only 25px or less, the surrounding radiation is small; Third, there is a magnetic isolation film on the transmitting and receiving sides, and the radiation around the small Fourth, the operating frequency is low, the operating frequency is 110K~205KHz, and the radiation to the human body is small.
5. What are the requirements and whether any standards or certifications are required?
The wireless charging industry used to have three major standards organizations. In the end, there were only two major standards organizations. If you are a large foreign customer, you generally need to pass the relevant standards and certified products to sell.
The three previous standard organizations were: WPC, PMA and A4WP
The WPC organization is the earliest established standard organization, and its certified brand is known as the “Qi†logo.
The WPC was established in 2008. The Qi standard was released in 2010, the WPC 1.0 standard was released in 2012, and the WPC 1.1 standard was released in 2013. More than 200 existing members, more than 400 certified products.
The WPC initially used magnetic induction wireless charging technology. The current certification standards are Qi's magnetic induction standards. The products that you see on the market in mass production are products that have passed Qi certification or are compatible with Qi certification.
The core members (fixed members) mainly include:
ConvenientPower, Fulton Innovation, PowerbyProxi, Qualcomm, Freescale, IDT, Rohm, ST, Sony, TI, Toshiba, Haier, Philips, LG, HTC, Nokia, Microsoft, Sangfei, Verizon wireless, Panasonic, SamsungElectro-Mechanics, Delphi, Leggett & Platt.
PMA is initiated by Powermat of the United States. Its certification brand is Power2.0, and it also uses magnetic induction wireless charging technology.
In North America, PMA standard products are available in both Madonna and Starbucks. There are now more than 70 members, mainly in Europe and the United States.
Its core members (board members) mainly include:
Powermat, Starbucks, AT&T, Energy Star.
The A4WP was the latest to be established and was initiated by Qualcomm and Samsung. At the end of 2013, it released its certification brand "Rezence", but many international companies have joined the product that began to push the A4WP standard.
The A4WP adopts a magnetic resonance wireless charging technology. The charging distance can reach 5cm, and it supports one-to-many (one transmitter can charge multiple receiving electronic devices at the same time). It does not require precise alignment and the position is relatively free.
Its core members (board members) mainly include:
Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, IDT, Intel, Broadcom, WiTricity.
The comparison between the WPC Qi standard and the A4WP Rezence standard is as follows:
QPC of WPC
advantage:
The establishment time is early, there are many members, the product is mature, the ecosystem is complete, and the industry has great influence.
The program is cheap and has a high penetration rate.
High charging efficiency, can reach more than 70%.
Small radiation, good security.
Disadvantages:
The charging distance is small, accurate alignment is required, and only one-to-one charging is possible, but the gap is not significant after the subsequent upgrade.
A4WP Rezence Standard
advantage:
The charging distance is slightly larger and the moving range is slightly larger, allowing one-to-many charging.
Disadvantages:
Late development, the market is not mature enough, and the ecosystem is still lacking.
The high cost and short-term popular pressure.
The charging efficiency is slightly lower, and there are radiation and related risks.
6, the composition of wireless charger?
The wireless charger is mainly composed of three major parts: the main board, the coil, and the housing.
Among them, the main board directly determines the function and performance of the wireless charger and is the core module of the wireless charger. The main board is mainly composed of a master control chip, a driver chip, a power device (MOS), a resistor capacitor, and a PCB board. Coils are generally standard modules, and the relevant wireless charging standards have strict specifications for their structural dimensions.
7. How about the cost and price of wireless chargers?
Knowing the composition of the wireless charger, it also roughly knows the cost of the wireless charger. However, due to differences in functionality and performance requirements, the wireless charger's cost and price differences will also be very large. In particular, certified products are much higher than products that have not been certified.
But what is certain is that the wireless charger's profit is still relatively high, after all, it has not yet reached the level of competition.
The cost structure is roughly as follows:
The price is different because of different brands, different qualities, and different functions. When it is more sensitive, it will not be affixed. Understanding.
8, the industry chain, what better manufacturers?
Looking at the wireless charger industry chain, I would like to focus on the main chip manufacturers, coil manufacturers, program companies, and brand manufacturers.
Main chip manufacturer
The main chip manufacturers are mainly European and American manufacturers, and Taiwan and mainland manufacturers are beginning to mature.
The relevant manufacturers, the market began, the ranking is more sensitive, temporarily omitted
Coil manufacturer
There are several major manufacturers of coil manufacturers abroad, but due to the relatively low technical requirements of this piece, domestic manufacturers have matured.
The relevant manufacturers, the market began, the ranking is more sensitive, temporarily omitted
Scheme company
The solution company mainly uses the main chip R&D motherboard provided by the main chip manufacturer to make the PCBA supply to the terminal product manufacturers.
The relevant manufacturers, the market began, the ranking is more sensitive, temporarily omitted
Terminal and brand manufacturers
The terminal manufacturers are mainly listed companies that used to be mobile phone accessories market. The related manufacturers such as mobile power supply and chargers have also started to intervene. Terminal products mainly come from abroad, and foreign trade channels do a good job. There are also several domestic manufacturers focusing on wireless charging products.
Related brands, the market began, rankings are more sensitive, temporarily
Although the development of the wireless charging industry is not long, it has accumulated a number of outstanding companies and the future is limitless.
9. What is the development situation at home and abroad?
In the wireless charging market, foreign development is not bad. Domestically, it is a little late. So far, there are 60 mobile phones that support wireless charging. Since Nokia introduced the Lumia 920 to support wireless charging, subsequent handsets basically support wireless charging. Google's mobile phone basically supports wireless charging, Nexus4, Nexus5 and so on. Samsung's mobile phone sets aside for the receiver coil contacts. The iPhone will also support wireless charging.
Domestic mobile phone manufacturers ZTE and TCL have already released relevant wireless charging mobile phones. The major domestic brands Huawei, Meizu, Xiaomi, TCL, Backgammon, OPPO, Lenovo, Jinli, Tianyu, etc. are all researching and developing R&D related wireless charging mobile phones.
Since the high-pass and MTK mobile phone main chip manufacturers have integrated wireless charging functions, subsequent domestic mobile phones may basically support wireless charging. In the future, the wireless charging function will become the standard for mobile phones.
The entire wireless charging technology has begun to mature, the related supporting industrial chain is also complete, and the wireless charging market has begun to boom.
The wireless charging market has huge potential, it will enter the industry in advance, and there will be great rewards when it comes to concentrating on business, but those who are still hesitating will certainly miss the opportunity.
10. What other places can be used in addition to mobile phones?
The largest market for wireless charging is the mobile phone market. Of course, there are many other application areas in addition to the mobile phone market, such as other consumer electronics market, tablet PCs, and wearable devices.
Low-power wireless charger products, home market, office market, wireless charging products embedded in the home coffee table, desks, bedside tables, and office desks.
Small and medium-power applications in addition to the mobile phone market, there are games market, toy market, and there are also a huge market like electric toothbrushes, electric razors, and even the adult supplies market.
In the future, wireless charging products such as medium power are mainly the future home appliance market, and markets such as PCs, TVs, and household appliances are huge.
Future high-power wireless charging products market, such as electric car market, electricity market, industrial market and so on.
In addition, some markets with high requirements for waterproofing are a good application area for wireless charging.
11. What are the opportunities?
Opportunity points are analyzed from several aspects, from the perspective of investment, from the analysis of the industry chain, chips, solutions and terminal brand products.
The chip is upstream. The core and profit of the entire wireless charging are mainly from the chip. Now it is mainly European and American manufacturers. When the market grows slowly, it will certainly transfer to domestic chip manufacturers. This is a huge opportunity, but it is also a challenge to technology and capital. The biggest piece.
The solution company needs a professional R&D team, strong R&D capabilities and speeds from R&D to mass production. The company's opportunity lies in its specialty.
The end product lies in the brand and reputation, making amazing products and powerful marketing and promotion capabilities are the future.
From another perspective, the future opportunities focus on two aspects. One is a big customer and the other is a differentiated product.
Large customers can bring large orders and stable capital, and can meet the needs of large-scale, high-quality control, high-efficiency production, and low-cost supply chain. Differentiated products can bring huge profits.
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