In 2004, the Ministry of Construction and the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice on the “Regulations on Strengthening Urban Lighting Management to Promote Energy Conservation†on the basis of the “Regulations on the Management of Urban Road Lighting Facilitiesâ€. The article points out that “we vigorously promote energy-saving technologies and improve the efficiency of power utilization; strictly follow the lighting design standards and standardize the construction of lighting facilities, and must not exceed the standard construction; new lighting projects must adopt scientific lighting design methods to promote the use of high-efficiency lighting products and Energy-saving control technology." and other rules. With the rapid development of China's economic construction, the social urbanization construction has advanced by leaps and bounds. Therefore, the transformation of urban road lighting and new construction projects have also sharply increased. However, with the substantial increase in energy consumption, especially in recent years, energy prices have increased significantly, making electricity consumption a burden. Therefore, the energy saving of street lamps is bound to become a trend.
I. Urban road lighting engineering design and energy saving
The purpose of urban road lighting is to create a good viewing environment for drivers and pedestrians, to enable people to reach their destination safely, quickly and comfortably; and to reduce crimes against people and property. There are generally more pedestrians on the sidewalks of the city, so the main road lighting in the city should not only illuminate the road surface, but also illuminate the sidewalk properly, and make the semi-column illumination meet the standard requirements, which is conducive to the rapid discovery of people or animals. Crossing roads and other potential insecurities.
Design is the source of energy savings. Urban lighting engineering design should be carried out by professional designers. The design should strictly follow the nature and function of the road, and compare the corresponding illumination and energy density standards to determine the most energy-saving cloth spacing, light source, power supply route, control system and so on. This requires road lighting engineers not only have a good sense of professional responsibility, but also a comprehensive technical quality, can master the scientific lighting design methods. Designers in the road lighting design, in order to ensure the effect of lighting, to achieve the purpose of urban road lighting, to maximize energy and investment, and reduce operating and maintenance costs.
Second, take a reasonable cloth spacing
Whether the spacing of the street lamps is appropriate is directly related to the effect of lighting. Installation spacing is especially important for energy savings, with as much installation pitch as possible.
If the two sides are symmetrically arranged, when the distance is 30 meters, 66 lights per kilometer, such as 250w, for each light for 10 hours, the power consumption per kilometer is 66*250*0.001*365*10=60225kwh (excluding the ballast) Loss); If the distance is 40 meters, 50 lamps per kilometer, the power consumption is 50*250*0.001*365*10=45625kwh, saving 14600 kWh per kilometer, assuming 25,000 new urban roads per year Kilometer calculation can save 365 million KWh of electricity and save 2 billion yuan in lighting poles (5000 yuan per pole), which is quite impressive. Of course, this is calculated on the premise that the road intersection and the isolation zone segment are not considered to affect the spacing arrangement. As can be seen from the above, under the premise of meeting the standard, the spacing of the lighting is very significant for energy saving.
Third, the choice of street light source
At present, the main types of light sources used in street lighting are: metal halide lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, incandescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and the like. Under the same electric power, the high-pressure sodium light energy is about 40% higher than that of the metal halide lamp, and the fog light performance of the sodium lamp is better; according to the road illumination requirement of the same illumination standard, the metal halide lamp light source consumes more power than the high-pressure sodium lamp. Therefore, high pressure sodium lamps are widely used in urban road lighting projects.
With the development of science, the technology of LED light source is mature, and LED light source is widely promoted and applied in many large and medium cities. LED light source is characterized by long life, high efficiency, energy saving, safety and environmental protection. According to experts, compared with high-pressure sodium lamps, the new high-power LED street lamps can save 80% of electric energy, and can basically replace the high-pressure sodium lamps commonly used in street lamps.
The power consumption of the LED light source is 18.7% of the high-pressure sodium lamp, which can save more than 80% of the electric energy.
High-pressure sodium lamp replacement costs and maintenance costs are 5 times that of LED street lights. It can be seen that LED street lights can not only save energy than high-pressure sodium lamps, but also save cost and maintenance costs. Therefore, the wide application of LED light source in urban road lighting is bound to be the trend of the times.
Fourth, the power supply route design
The characteristic of the street lamp project is that the line is long and the current on the line is not necessarily large. The power supply radius of the street lamp distribution circuit is generally up to 800 meters. As the distance between the lamp and the power supply terminal increases, the voltage gradually decreases. If the circuit is not properly designed, the remote voltage may not meet the normal maintenance voltage required by the light source; The method is to install the compensation capacitor.
At present, there are two types of capacitor compensation methods used in urban road lighting engineering design: one is centralized compensation at the street lamp power supply, and the other is scattered compensation at the lamp. The centralized compensation method of street lamp power supply can not reduce the power consumption of low-voltage wiring; the single-lamp dispersion compensation will undoubtedly reduce the loss generated by the street lamp power supply to the street lamp, which will have better power saving effect.
The light source used in the street lamp is basically a gas discharge lamp, and its power factor is relatively low, generally 0.40 to 0.6, so that the loop current is large, and the loss generated on the line is considerable. The single lamp power factor after capacitor compensation is not less than 0.80. According to the calculation, capacitor reactive compensation is applied to the 100 ç›250W high-pressure sodium lamp installed on a road, and the power factor is increased from 0.44 to 0.80. As a result, the supply current is reduced from 300A before compensation to 141A, and the operating current is reduced by about half, indicating that The lighting system vacates half of the capacity of the power supply system through reactive power compensation, enabling the power supply device to exert a considerable amount of power supply potential.
On the other hand, due to the futile round trip of reducing the current of more than one hundred amps on the power supply line of the lighting system, the voltage loss and power loss on the line will be greatly reduced, and the temperature rise of the cable will also be reduced, which is a multiplier.
Fifth, control systems and energy-saving <br> <br> Over the years, our street and management controls mainly adopt the following means: when the light switch to take control mode; the fault inspection rely on manual inspection of the way. With the expansion of the city and the rapid growth of the number of street lamps, this control method has become increasingly unsuitable for urban development in terms of real-time fault monitoring, on-demand control, and energy conservation.
The wireless monitoring street lamp control system uses computer network, ultrashort wave communication, data transmission, large screen projection and other technologies to form functions such as wireless remote control, telemetry, remote communication and data information processing. It realizes the monitoring, measurement and control of each street light control box by means of data in the form of data between the general control room and each road sub-control station, and realizes intelligent management of street lamp monitoring. Accurate remote control switch lights for urban and rural lights in large and medium-sized cities can be avoided to avoid energy waste caused by early opening or late closing.
The control system operation loop is generally 2 to 3 times, which are used as the upper half of the street lamp, the second half of the street lamp and other street lamps, and each operation circuit can have multiple outlet air circuit breakers. The cable outlet adopts the way that the road is powered by one side (ie, single-loop power supply), but the wiring method adopts the special-shaped wiring mode of single-side single cable outlet. That is, the wiring method of the lamp pole cable is sorted according to the normal ABC, but in the control box, the same phase (for example, phase C) of the cable on both sides of the road (the cable of the upper and lower nights) is exchanged, so that the cable core is replaced. In the middle of the night, the lights are all on, and in the middle of the night, one side is bright 2P3 (ie, 1 #, 2 #, 4 #, 5 #...lights), while the other side is bright 1P3 (ie 3#, 6 #, 9 #... Lights up), so that the transformer can still be balanced with three-phase power supply in the middle of the night, and its illumination is basically uniform. Because of the scarcity of vehicles and pedestrians in the middle of the night, it can meet the requirements of walking safety. For example, the street lamp electricity fee in our city is about 5 million yuan per year. If the all-night light and midnight light are used in the energy-saving control mode, that is, after 12 o'clock in the evening, half of the lamps will be turned off, and the annual electricity cost will be reduced by about 1.25 million yuan.
Sixth, the conclusion
Urban road lighting is an important part of urban night lighting, and as one of the most basic elements of the city, it is the most intuitive place to display the image of the city. The energy-saving design of urban road lighting projects is of great significance for improving energy efficiency and reducing unnecessary energy waste.
references:
[1] National industry standard "Urban Road Lighting Design Standards".
[2] Li Junlin. Discussion on Road Lighting Design. Modern Building Electrical Design Technology, 1994, (02).
I. Urban road lighting engineering design and energy saving
The purpose of urban road lighting is to create a good viewing environment for drivers and pedestrians, to enable people to reach their destination safely, quickly and comfortably; and to reduce crimes against people and property. There are generally more pedestrians on the sidewalks of the city, so the main road lighting in the city should not only illuminate the road surface, but also illuminate the sidewalk properly, and make the semi-column illumination meet the standard requirements, which is conducive to the rapid discovery of people or animals. Crossing roads and other potential insecurities.
Design is the source of energy savings. Urban lighting engineering design should be carried out by professional designers. The design should strictly follow the nature and function of the road, and compare the corresponding illumination and energy density standards to determine the most energy-saving cloth spacing, light source, power supply route, control system and so on. This requires road lighting engineers not only have a good sense of professional responsibility, but also a comprehensive technical quality, can master the scientific lighting design methods. Designers in the road lighting design, in order to ensure the effect of lighting, to achieve the purpose of urban road lighting, to maximize energy and investment, and reduce operating and maintenance costs.
Second, take a reasonable cloth spacing
Whether the spacing of the street lamps is appropriate is directly related to the effect of lighting. Installation spacing is especially important for energy savings, with as much installation pitch as possible.
If the two sides are symmetrically arranged, when the distance is 30 meters, 66 lights per kilometer, such as 250w, for each light for 10 hours, the power consumption per kilometer is 66*250*0.001*365*10=60225kwh (excluding the ballast) Loss); If the distance is 40 meters, 50 lamps per kilometer, the power consumption is 50*250*0.001*365*10=45625kwh, saving 14600 kWh per kilometer, assuming 25,000 new urban roads per year Kilometer calculation can save 365 million KWh of electricity and save 2 billion yuan in lighting poles (5000 yuan per pole), which is quite impressive. Of course, this is calculated on the premise that the road intersection and the isolation zone segment are not considered to affect the spacing arrangement. As can be seen from the above, under the premise of meeting the standard, the spacing of the lighting is very significant for energy saving.
Third, the choice of street light source
At present, the main types of light sources used in street lighting are: metal halide lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, incandescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, and the like. Under the same electric power, the high-pressure sodium light energy is about 40% higher than that of the metal halide lamp, and the fog light performance of the sodium lamp is better; according to the road illumination requirement of the same illumination standard, the metal halide lamp light source consumes more power than the high-pressure sodium lamp. Therefore, high pressure sodium lamps are widely used in urban road lighting projects.
With the development of science, the technology of LED light source is mature, and LED light source is widely promoted and applied in many large and medium cities. LED light source is characterized by long life, high efficiency, energy saving, safety and environmental protection. According to experts, compared with high-pressure sodium lamps, the new high-power LED street lamps can save 80% of electric energy, and can basically replace the high-pressure sodium lamps commonly used in street lamps.
The power consumption of the LED light source is 18.7% of the high-pressure sodium lamp, which can save more than 80% of the electric energy.
High-pressure sodium lamp replacement costs and maintenance costs are 5 times that of LED street lights. It can be seen that LED street lights can not only save energy than high-pressure sodium lamps, but also save cost and maintenance costs. Therefore, the wide application of LED light source in urban road lighting is bound to be the trend of the times.
Fourth, the power supply route design
The characteristic of the street lamp project is that the line is long and the current on the line is not necessarily large. The power supply radius of the street lamp distribution circuit is generally up to 800 meters. As the distance between the lamp and the power supply terminal increases, the voltage gradually decreases. If the circuit is not properly designed, the remote voltage may not meet the normal maintenance voltage required by the light source; The method is to install the compensation capacitor.
At present, there are two types of capacitor compensation methods used in urban road lighting engineering design: one is centralized compensation at the street lamp power supply, and the other is scattered compensation at the lamp. The centralized compensation method of street lamp power supply can not reduce the power consumption of low-voltage wiring; the single-lamp dispersion compensation will undoubtedly reduce the loss generated by the street lamp power supply to the street lamp, which will have better power saving effect.
The light source used in the street lamp is basically a gas discharge lamp, and its power factor is relatively low, generally 0.40 to 0.6, so that the loop current is large, and the loss generated on the line is considerable. The single lamp power factor after capacitor compensation is not less than 0.80. According to the calculation, capacitor reactive compensation is applied to the 100 ç›250W high-pressure sodium lamp installed on a road, and the power factor is increased from 0.44 to 0.80. As a result, the supply current is reduced from 300A before compensation to 141A, and the operating current is reduced by about half, indicating that The lighting system vacates half of the capacity of the power supply system through reactive power compensation, enabling the power supply device to exert a considerable amount of power supply potential.
On the other hand, due to the futile round trip of reducing the current of more than one hundred amps on the power supply line of the lighting system, the voltage loss and power loss on the line will be greatly reduced, and the temperature rise of the cable will also be reduced, which is a multiplier.
Fifth, control systems and energy-saving <br> <br> Over the years, our street and management controls mainly adopt the following means: when the light switch to take control mode; the fault inspection rely on manual inspection of the way. With the expansion of the city and the rapid growth of the number of street lamps, this control method has become increasingly unsuitable for urban development in terms of real-time fault monitoring, on-demand control, and energy conservation.
The wireless monitoring street lamp control system uses computer network, ultrashort wave communication, data transmission, large screen projection and other technologies to form functions such as wireless remote control, telemetry, remote communication and data information processing. It realizes the monitoring, measurement and control of each street light control box by means of data in the form of data between the general control room and each road sub-control station, and realizes intelligent management of street lamp monitoring. Accurate remote control switch lights for urban and rural lights in large and medium-sized cities can be avoided to avoid energy waste caused by early opening or late closing.
The control system operation loop is generally 2 to 3 times, which are used as the upper half of the street lamp, the second half of the street lamp and other street lamps, and each operation circuit can have multiple outlet air circuit breakers. The cable outlet adopts the way that the road is powered by one side (ie, single-loop power supply), but the wiring method adopts the special-shaped wiring mode of single-side single cable outlet. That is, the wiring method of the lamp pole cable is sorted according to the normal ABC, but in the control box, the same phase (for example, phase C) of the cable on both sides of the road (the cable of the upper and lower nights) is exchanged, so that the cable core is replaced. In the middle of the night, the lights are all on, and in the middle of the night, one side is bright 2P3 (ie, 1 #, 2 #, 4 #, 5 #...lights), while the other side is bright 1P3 (ie 3#, 6 #, 9 #... Lights up), so that the transformer can still be balanced with three-phase power supply in the middle of the night, and its illumination is basically uniform. Because of the scarcity of vehicles and pedestrians in the middle of the night, it can meet the requirements of walking safety. For example, the street lamp electricity fee in our city is about 5 million yuan per year. If the all-night light and midnight light are used in the energy-saving control mode, that is, after 12 o'clock in the evening, half of the lamps will be turned off, and the annual electricity cost will be reduced by about 1.25 million yuan.
Sixth, the conclusion
Urban road lighting is an important part of urban night lighting, and as one of the most basic elements of the city, it is the most intuitive place to display the image of the city. The energy-saving design of urban road lighting projects is of great significance for improving energy efficiency and reducing unnecessary energy waste.
references:
[1] National industry standard "Urban Road Lighting Design Standards".
[2] Li Junlin. Discussion on Road Lighting Design. Modern Building Electrical Design Technology, 1994, (02).
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