In fact, in addition to the battery charger, a power solution designed specifically for wearable devices includes many other components. Now let's take a look at the few devices that engineers use most often when designing charging solutions for their systems.
The input interface on the front of the battery charger can usually use different power sources, such as the current popular USB, AC adapter and wireless power and energy harvesting. Through years of close cooperation with the Wireless Power Association (WPC), TI has introduced a number of wireless charging transmitters and receivers for both Qi and non-Qi authentication solutions.
TI's tiny wireless receiver TI Design reference design for low-power wearable applications is an ultra-small reference design using the low-power wireless receiver bq51003, which provides 5V DC input current to the battery charger. With a footprint of less than 30 square millimeters, the solution is ideal for small, compact, low-power applications. If the engineer wants to design a direct charging solution, he can replace the bq51003 with the bq51050B, a receiver that integrates a battery charger and can be connected directly to the battery. (Click to view the reference design details)
The TI Designs reference design for wireless chargers that meet the Qi (WPC) standard for low-power wearable applications combines the bq51003 with a low-power charger bq25100 and a slim 10mm coil to create an integrated receive wireless charging solution. Provides up to 2W of output current. Designed for wearable devices, the bq25100 helps the entire solution achieve very accurate charge termination currents, and the battery's leakage current is less than 75nA at any time. (Click to view the reference design details)
The TI Designs reference design for small wireless power transmitters for low-power wearable applications is the application circuit for TI's low-power transmitter bq500212A. It works with the bq51003 to provide an excellent solution for wireless charging. In order to achieve a reasonable overall system efficiency, the coil size in the application circuit is 30 cubic millimeters, and is not the 10 mm coil used in the receiver end in other reference designs. Since the coil is not a standard size, the solution is not certified by Qi. In a specialized design, the incompatible RX and TX can still communicate with each other, giving engineers more freedom in choosing the size of the coil and other related components. Dick Stacey's video details TI's wireless power solutions for wearables and fitness equipment.
Other power sources that have been frequently mentioned recently also include energy harvesting. Energy harvesting systems can collect energy through light, heat and vibration and store it in energy storage units such as ultracapacitors or small batteries. Since most wearable devices are used outdoors, they enable them to collect sunlight and turn it into energy for wearable devices. In addition, TI offers a range of low-power, high-efficiency buck and boost converters for wearable devices, including the bq25570, bq25504/05, and TPS62736/37.
There is another important element in the charging system that cannot be ignored, that is the battery fuel gauge. The battery capacity of wearable devices is usually very small, and small batteries require precise control to terminate charging to prevent the battery from aging due to overcharging. The battery fuel gauge can more accurately monitor the charging current through the sensing resistor, so that the user can more accurately understand the charging condition of the device, and unplug the charger when the battery is fully charged to ensure that the battery is more fully charged. Longer service life. The TI bq27421-G1 is the industry's lowest power battery fuel gauge and can be operated with a single-cell Li-Ion battery. Its extremely small size, only 1.6mm*1.6mm (including integrated sense resistors), is the ideal solution for compact wearable devices. At the same time, this battery fuel gauge can be switched to several different modes to provide different power, including initialization mode, normal mode, sleep mode, sleep mode and off mode. In off mode, the device consumes only 600nA, which is negligible compared to the battery's self-discharge rate. In addition, TI's patented Impedance TrackTM makes the battery fuel gauge easy to configure and has the flexibility to choose a battery pack. For battery chargers that do not accurately control termination of charge, this battery fuel gauge can be used to compensate for this defect to maximize the use of small batteries.
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