For more than 30 years, optical fiber sensors have made full use of their unique advantages to continuously increase scientific research, technological development and commercial applications, and have achieved great success on a global scale.
First, the concept and advantages of the sensor 1, the concept of the sensor sensor is to change the absolute value of a physical quantity, electrical quantity or other quantity or its change into a device, device or system that can be observed or output by the instrument. The parameters that can be sensed are: temperature, pressure, strain, speed, rotation, light and radiation, electricity, magnetism, sound, gas and chemicals, surrounding objects, and so on.
Almost all of the physical properties of the material can be changed under certain excitations and can be used to form sensors. Widely used sensors include: resistors, inductors, capacitors, semiconductors, optoelectronics, piezoelectrics, machinery, and MEMS.
2, the advantages of fiber optic sensors electrical insulation;
Anti-electromagnetic interference;
There is no need for electricity;
Inherent security;
Can be used in many special working environments;
Can perform remote and multi-channel multiplexing operations;
Small size and light weight
Integrated telemetry, optical fiber itself is a data transmission channel;
Wide bandwidth
High sensitivity.
Second, the principle of fiber optic sensor components and systems 1, basic types of fiber optic sensors Fiber optic sensors have two basic types:
(a) Intrinsic (functional) fiber-optic sensors, where the inductive signal is generated by the fiber itself;
(b) Non-intrinsic (light guiding) optical fiber sensors require external sensors to provide inductive signals and optical fibers for optical signal transmission.
2. Types of Fiber Optic Sensors (a) Intrinsic (Functional) Fiber Optic Sensors Fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber gratings, fiber optic interferometric sensors, microbend fiber optic sensors, and blackbody sensors.
(b) extrinsic (light guide) type sensors optical time domain reflectometer, optical frequency domain reflectometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, total internal reflection sensor, grating sensor, fluorescence sensor, absorption sensor, multi-point type Sensor WDM system.
Third, fiber optic sensor applications 1, the classification of optical fiber sensors Optical fiber sensors according to their environmental parameters:
Temperature fiber sensors, pressure fiber sensors, acoustic fiber sensors (such as hydrophones), strained fiber sensors, displacement fiber sensors, rotating fiber sensors (such as fiber optic gyroscopes), vibration fiber sensor sensors, magnetic fiber sensors (such as current fiber transformers), Gas and chemical fiber sensors, biological and medical fiber sensors.
2. Applications of fiber optic sensors Oil and gas: Reservoir monitoring downhole P/T sensing, seismic arrays, energy industry, power plants, boilers and steam turbines, power cables, turbine transport, oil refineries;
Aerospace: jet engines, rocket propulsion systems, airframes;
Civil infrastructure: bridges, dams, roads, tunnels, landslides;
Transportation: Railway monitoring, weight in sports, transportation safety;
Biomedical: Medical temperature pressure, intracranial pressure measurement, minimally invasive surgery, disposable probe.
Fourth, fiber Bragg grating (FBG)
Fabricating FBGs Using Phase Masks
The core is co-doped boron and intrinsically photosensitive, and does not require hydrogen. The size of the core is compatible with the communications fiber. With this fiber, a 1 nm wide and 15 mm long transmission grating can be written in an excimer laser pulse (10 Hz, 0.5 J/cm2, 248 nm) in a few minutes.
Now that we are in the information age, building an intelligent society requires an advanced sensing system! Fiber optic sensing is a rookie in the sensor family and the future is still difficult to measure. The current market for optical fiber sensors is fragmented, but most applications have a common technical foundation, many devices and systems have entered the commercial phase, and market share has expanded year by year. The market has recovered from the recession of 2009. The general consensus is that the annual growth rate will be in the range of 10% to 25%. The main factors driving the growth of fiber optic sensors are:
Growing demand for oil and gas;
Urgently seek alternative energy sources;
Establish a high degree of perimeter and homeland security;
Smart infrastructure
Government support grants.
Challenges in the development of fiber optic sensors include:
Non-photonic technology competition (MEMS, wireless, etc.)
Develop product standards as soon as possible;
Cost factor.
V. Global Macroeconomic Environment Compared with traditional electromechanical and electronic sensors, fiber optic sensors have a series of unique advantages. In particular, distributed optical fiber sensors are almost unique in the application of large-scale construction projects, bridge tunnels, railway highways, oil and gas pipelines, and structural health management (surveillance) (SHM), and are incomparable to other types of sensors. Judging from the achievements made by the current fiber-optic sensors, the scale of application of fiber-optic sensors in the future is still inestimable.
As we all know, optical fiber communications almost completely defeated the traditional copper communication in a short period of time. In fact, for the optical fiber, only the excellent optical transmission characteristics of the silica optical fiber have been developed and utilized. The optical fiber sensor not only utilizes the light transmission characteristics of the optical fiber, but also utilizes the sensitivity of the optical fiber to environmental parameters. In fact, there are many other features of fiber that are being used or not yet used, such as fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, fiber optic power transmission, and fiber signal processing.
Undoubtedly, it is entirely conceivable that fiber-optic sensors will be another emerging industry in the field of optical fiber technology after fiber-optic communications are rapidly emerging, and believe that there will be more emerging fiber-optic industries in the future. China has attracted worldwide attention in fiber optics and optical fiber communications. So let the Chinese people across the Taiwan Strait redouble their efforts to seize the rare opportunities, along the brilliant footsteps of the father of optical fiber, and create new achievements in more and more extensive optical fiber field!
First, the concept and advantages of the sensor 1, the concept of the sensor sensor is to change the absolute value of a physical quantity, electrical quantity or other quantity or its change into a device, device or system that can be observed or output by the instrument. The parameters that can be sensed are: temperature, pressure, strain, speed, rotation, light and radiation, electricity, magnetism, sound, gas and chemicals, surrounding objects, and so on.
Almost all of the physical properties of the material can be changed under certain excitations and can be used to form sensors. Widely used sensors include: resistors, inductors, capacitors, semiconductors, optoelectronics, piezoelectrics, machinery, and MEMS.
2, the advantages of fiber optic sensors electrical insulation;
Anti-electromagnetic interference;
There is no need for electricity;
Inherent security;
Can be used in many special working environments;
Can perform remote and multi-channel multiplexing operations;
Small size and light weight
Integrated telemetry, optical fiber itself is a data transmission channel;
Wide bandwidth
High sensitivity.
Second, the principle of fiber optic sensor components and systems 1, basic types of fiber optic sensors Fiber optic sensors have two basic types:
(a) Intrinsic (functional) fiber-optic sensors, where the inductive signal is generated by the fiber itself;
(b) Non-intrinsic (light guiding) optical fiber sensors require external sensors to provide inductive signals and optical fibers for optical signal transmission.
2. Types of Fiber Optic Sensors (a) Intrinsic (Functional) Fiber Optic Sensors Fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber gratings, fiber optic interferometric sensors, microbend fiber optic sensors, and blackbody sensors.
(b) extrinsic (light guide) type sensors optical time domain reflectometer, optical frequency domain reflectometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, total internal reflection sensor, grating sensor, fluorescence sensor, absorption sensor, multi-point type Sensor WDM system.
Third, fiber optic sensor applications 1, the classification of optical fiber sensors Optical fiber sensors according to their environmental parameters:
Temperature fiber sensors, pressure fiber sensors, acoustic fiber sensors (such as hydrophones), strained fiber sensors, displacement fiber sensors, rotating fiber sensors (such as fiber optic gyroscopes), vibration fiber sensor sensors, magnetic fiber sensors (such as current fiber transformers), Gas and chemical fiber sensors, biological and medical fiber sensors.
2. Applications of fiber optic sensors Oil and gas: Reservoir monitoring downhole P/T sensing, seismic arrays, energy industry, power plants, boilers and steam turbines, power cables, turbine transport, oil refineries;
Aerospace: jet engines, rocket propulsion systems, airframes;
Civil infrastructure: bridges, dams, roads, tunnels, landslides;
Transportation: Railway monitoring, weight in sports, transportation safety;
Biomedical: Medical temperature pressure, intracranial pressure measurement, minimally invasive surgery, disposable probe.
Fourth, fiber Bragg grating (FBG)
Fabricating FBGs Using Phase Masks
The core is co-doped boron and intrinsically photosensitive, and does not require hydrogen. The size of the core is compatible with the communications fiber. With this fiber, a 1 nm wide and 15 mm long transmission grating can be written in an excimer laser pulse (10 Hz, 0.5 J/cm2, 248 nm) in a few minutes.
Now that we are in the information age, building an intelligent society requires an advanced sensing system! Fiber optic sensing is a rookie in the sensor family and the future is still difficult to measure. The current market for optical fiber sensors is fragmented, but most applications have a common technical foundation, many devices and systems have entered the commercial phase, and market share has expanded year by year. The market has recovered from the recession of 2009. The general consensus is that the annual growth rate will be in the range of 10% to 25%. The main factors driving the growth of fiber optic sensors are:
Growing demand for oil and gas;
Urgently seek alternative energy sources;
Establish a high degree of perimeter and homeland security;
Smart infrastructure
Government support grants.
Challenges in the development of fiber optic sensors include:
Non-photonic technology competition (MEMS, wireless, etc.)
Develop product standards as soon as possible;
Cost factor.
V. Global Macroeconomic Environment Compared with traditional electromechanical and electronic sensors, fiber optic sensors have a series of unique advantages. In particular, distributed optical fiber sensors are almost unique in the application of large-scale construction projects, bridge tunnels, railway highways, oil and gas pipelines, and structural health management (surveillance) (SHM), and are incomparable to other types of sensors. Judging from the achievements made by the current fiber-optic sensors, the scale of application of fiber-optic sensors in the future is still inestimable.
As we all know, optical fiber communications almost completely defeated the traditional copper communication in a short period of time. In fact, for the optical fiber, only the excellent optical transmission characteristics of the silica optical fiber have been developed and utilized. The optical fiber sensor not only utilizes the light transmission characteristics of the optical fiber, but also utilizes the sensitivity of the optical fiber to environmental parameters. In fact, there are many other features of fiber that are being used or not yet used, such as fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, fiber optic power transmission, and fiber signal processing.
Undoubtedly, it is entirely conceivable that fiber-optic sensors will be another emerging industry in the field of optical fiber technology after fiber-optic communications are rapidly emerging, and believe that there will be more emerging fiber-optic industries in the future. China has attracted worldwide attention in fiber optics and optical fiber communications. So let the Chinese people across the Taiwan Strait redouble their efforts to seize the rare opportunities, along the brilliant footsteps of the father of optical fiber, and create new achievements in more and more extensive optical fiber field!
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