one Multi-line representation of circuits and single-line representation
1. Multi-line representation: Each line or wire is represented by a single line.
Features: It can express the content of each phase or each line in detail, especially in the case of asymmetry of each phase or line content.
2, single line representation: two or more lines or wires, only one line method.
Features: Suitable for three-phase or multi-line basic symmetry.
3, mixed representation: part of a single line, part of a multi-line.
Features: It has the characteristics of simple and refined single-line representation, and has the advantages of multi-line representation for describing objects accurately and fully, and because of the coexistence of two representations, change and flexibility.
1. Centralized representation: A method of drawing graphical symbols of each component of a project in a device or a complete set on a simplified diagram.
Scope and characteristics: a simple map. The components are connected to each other by mechanical connecting wires (dashed lines). The connecting line must be a straight line.
2. Semi-centralized representation: In order to make the circuit layout of the device and device clear and easy to identify, the graphical symbols of some parts of a project are arranged separately on the simplified diagram, and the mechanical connection symbol is used to indicate the relationship between them.
Mechanical cables can be bent, branched and crossed.
3. Separate representation: In order to make the circuit layout of the device and device clear and easy to identify, the graphical symbols of some parts of a project are arranged separately on the diagram, and only the project code is used to indicate the relationship between them.
The amount of information given by the separate representation and the graph using the centralized representation or the semi-centralized representation is equal.
4, the comparison of the three methods
5, the project code numbering method
(1) Components drawn using centralized and semi-centralized representations whose project code is marked only once next to the symbol and aligned with the mechanical connection.
(2) Components drawn by separate representations whose project code should be marked next to the symbol in each part of the project.
(3) The location of the project code should be as close as possible to the top of the graphic symbol, especially the third paragraph (type code) of the project code is near the center of the symbol.
(4) When the circuit is horizontally arranged, the project code is marked above the symbol. When the circuit is vertically arranged, the project code is marked on the left of the symbol. The project code is written horizontally, from top to bottom or left to right.
(5) The terminal code in the project code is marked next to the terminal or terminal position.
(6) For functional units and structural units with a frame, the project code is marked above or to the left of the enclosure.
(7) In most cases, the high-level code in the project code can be marked in the title bar or the label of the project code next to the simplified symbol above the drawing.
1. There are two types of contacts: one is electromagnetic contact or manual contact (contactor, electric relay, switch, button, etc.); the other is non-electrical and non-manually operated contacts (non-electrical relay, Contact for stroke switch, etc.).
2. The contact indicates:
(1) Contact symbols of contactors, electric relays, switches, buttons, etc., in the same circuit, after power-on and stress, the direction of action of each contact symbol should be oriented consistently, when the contacts have retention and blocking This is even more the case with the delay function.
(2) For non-electrical and non-manually operated contacts, the mode of operation must be indicated near its contact symbol. Represented by graphics, operating device symbols, and notes, tags, and tables.
3. Representation of the operational state of components: The movable parts of components, devices, and equipment should generally be in a state or location that is not energized or inoperative.
(1) The relay and contactor are in a non-energized state;
(2) The circuit breaker , load switch and disconnector are in the off position;
(3) The manual control switch with zero position is at the zero position, and the manual control switch without zero position is at the position specified in the figure;
(4) The correspondence between the working state of the mechanical operation switch and the working position should generally be indicated in the vicinity of its contact symbol or with additional instructions.
The accident, standby, alarm and other switches shall indicate the position where the equipment is normally used. The components of the multiple opening and closing devices shall be represented in mutually consistent positions regardless of the working state of the circuit.
4. Labeling method of component technical data: The technical data of electrical components is generally marked near the graphic symbol. When the connecting lines are arranged horizontally, they are marked as below under the graphical symbols, and when they are vertically arranged, they are marked below the project code; they can also be marked in box symbols or simplified outline symbols.
5. Representation of comments and signs
(1) Two methods of annotation: place it directly near the object to be described and place the annotation elsewhere in the diagram.
(2) If there is an information mark on the equipment panel, the same mark should be added next to the graphic symbol of the relevant component.
1. Terminal: A conductive element used to connect an external conductor in an electrical component.
Terminal classification: fixed terminal and detachable terminal.
Fixed terminal graphic symbol: 0 or ·;
Detachable terminal graphic symbol: Φ
2. Principles and methods for marking terminal blocks with alphanumeric symbols
(1) The two endpoints of a single component are represented by two consecutive numbers. The middle terminals of a single component are represented by numbers in naturally increasing numbers.
(2) Same component group
1 Mark the letters in front of the numbers, such as the letters U1, V1, W1, etc. of the three-phase communication system.
2 If there is no need to distinguish between different phases, the numbers 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1 are available.
(3) Similar component groups
(4) Marking of electrical terminals connected to specific conductors. See the table below and the figure.
3. Labeling method of terminal code
(1) Terminal designations for resistors, relays, analog and digital hardware shall be marked outside the outline of their graphical symbols. The function and annotations of the part are marked in the symbol outline.
(2) Terminals should be marked for each connection point of the connection device used for field connection, test and fault finding.
(3) In the functional unit or structural unit with a frame, the terminal code must be marked in the enclosure to avoid misunderstanding.
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